Parasitic Antennas for Current and Future Wireless Communication Systems: Trends, Challenges, and Emerging Aspects

Abstract

AbstractIn recent years, parasitic element-based designs have been found to play important roles in smart and adaptive systems and are the subjects of recent developments. They offer several advantages such as multifunction capabilities, minimized volume requirements, beam diversity, frequency reconfigurable, and ultra-wideband application. This makes them well-suited for wireless application such as fifth generation (5G) and subsequent generations of mobile terminals. With the employment of active material microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), varactor, or PIN diodes, an antenna’s characteristics are often changed through alternating the flow of current on the antenna structure. If an antenna is to be reconfigurable in many different states, it needs to have an adequate number of active and passive elements. However, a large number of high-quality active elements increase the cost of the overall system in terms of the required number of transmitters, amplifiers, and other associated electronic components. Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surface and investigating its characteristics and fundamental properties is one of the objectives of this paper. Further, we highlight here some of the design challenges of such structures and the related advantages that communication systems are likely to derive.KeywordsReconfigurable intelligent surfaceParasitic elementsSPAMIMO5G6G