Abstract
The populations of honeybees and bumblebees have been decreasing around the world in the recent decades. A variety of pathogens and parasites, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, mites and insects play signi ficant role in honeybee and bumblebee colonies loss. Pa rasites of the genus Nosema (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) and the genera Crithidia and Lotmaria (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) have a significant negative impact on honeybee and bumblebee colonies. Recent studies of nuclear DNA markers of these parasites allowed to describe new species and genetic variants. The aim of this study was to investigate the Microsporidia (Nosema spp.) and Trypanosomatidae (Crithidia spp. and Lotmaria passim) prevalence and genetic diversity in honeybee and bumble bee populations of Indian territories that haven’t been studied before. In total 119 specimens of 4 honeybee and 5 bumblebee species were analyzed in this study. The prevalence of parasites in honeybee and bumblebee po pulations of the two Indian states (Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka) were identified using PCR with primers specific for the ribosomal RNA genes cluster of Nosema, Crithidia and Lotmaria species. Coinfection by microsporidian and trypanosomatid parasites was detected in several honeybee and bumblebee specimens from Jammu and Kash mir state. Comparative analysis of ribosomal RNA genes sequences showed that honeybee samples from India studied were infected by N. bombi, N. ceranae and L. passim. Bumblebee populations were infected by Nosema D, Crithidia bombi and Crithidia expoeki. No honeybee’s specimen with trypanosomatid infection was found in Karnataka state. For the first time N. bombi infection was detected in the honeybee population. The studies of distribution of microsporidia and trypanosomatid parasites among the honeybee and bumblebee populations all over the World were summarized and supplemented.
Highlights
How to cite this article: Vavilova V.Y., Konopatskaia I., Luzyanin S.L., Woyciechowski M., Blinov A.G
No sema ceranae (Fries et al, 1996) and Nosema apis (Zander, 1909), are known to infect honeybees. Nosema bombi is another parasite belonging to the phylum Microsporidia which is widespread in the bumblebee populations (Fantham, Porter, 1914)
The standard sets of primers and Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) conditions were used for PCR amplification of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) genes of Nosema spp. and Tubulinosema spp. (Tay et al, 2005; Szentgyörgyi et al, 2011) and 18S rRNA genes of Crithidia spp. and L. passim (Meeus et al, 2010; Arismendi et al, 2016)
Summary
How to cite this article: Vavilova V.Y., Konopatskaia I., Luzyanin S.L., Woyciechowski M., Blinov A.G. No sema ceranae (Fries et al, 1996) and Nosema apis (Zander, 1909), are known to infect honeybees. Nosema bombi is another parasite belonging to the phylum Microsporidia which is widespread in the bumblebee populations (Fantham, Porter, 1914). All detected genetic variants of Nosema species did not receive the status of separate species Another microsporidium species Tubulinosema pampeana (Microsporidia: Tubulinosematidae) was described for the first time in Bombus araratus individuals from Argentine (Plischuk et al, 2015). Two new Crithidia species, Crithidia expoeki and Crithidia mexicana, have been identified in bumblebees from North America and Mexica, respectively (Schmid-Hempel, Tognazzo, 2010; Gallot-Lavallée et al, 2016)
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