Abstract
A new species of diplogastrid nematode, isolated in a previous survey of nematodes associated with stag beetles in Japan, is described as Parapristionchus giblindavisi n. gen., n. sp. Parapristionchus n. gen. differs from other diplogastrid genera chiefly by its stomatal morphology. Distinguishing the genus are the presence of a claw-like dorsal tooth in both the eurystomatous and stenostomatous forms and the division of the cheilostom into 12 plates lacking apical flaps. According to phylogenetic analysis of nine ribosomal protein gene sequences, Parapristionchus n. gen. shows deep divergence from other known genera. Molecular evidence strongly supports P. giblindavisi n. gen., n. sp. + Pristionchus spp. as monophyletic with respect to all other diplogastrids examined. Congruent with a clade of P. giblindavisi n. gen., n. sp. + Pristionchus spp. is the shared presence of a bifurcate P7 genital papilla. Discovery and description of a close sister group to Pristionchus, a model biological system, enables character polarisation in macroevolutionary studies of Pristionchus nematodes.
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