Paraoxonase 2 gene polymorphisms and prenatal phthalates' exposure in Chinese newborns

Abstract

BackgroundPhthalates were reported to be associated with increased risk of LBW in newborns, but the mechanism and potential influencing factor was still unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether paraoxonase-2 (PON2) Ala148Gly (A148G) polymorphisms have impacts on fetal growth, and evaluate potential modifying effect on the association between phthalate exposures and LBW and short birth length. MethodsIn the current case-control study, 185 mother–newborn pairs including 74 low birth weight (LBW) cases and 111 controls were enrolled. Newborns' meconium specimens were collected and detected for mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono-2-ethyhexyl phthalate (MEHP) by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Umbilical vein blood samples were used to identify PON2 A148G polymorphisms by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. ResultsNewborns prenatally exposed to higher level of phthalates had lower birth weight (β=−0.92. p=0.045 for MBP, β=−0.62, p=0.013 for MEHP) and short birth length (SBL) (β=−0.024. p=0.049 for MBP, β=−0.023, p=0.007 for MEHP). Comparing with low-phthalate-exposed subjects with PON2 148AA genotype, newborns with PON2 148AG/GG genotype exposed to high concentrations of MBP and MEHP had higher risks of LBW and short birth length (LBW: OR: 5.0, p=0.017 for MEHP; OR: 2.6, p=0.023 for MBP; SBL: OR: 6.6, p=0.005 for MEHP; OR: 6.4, p=0.017 for MBP). Effects of MBP and MEHP on LBW were significantly modified by PON2 A148G (p=0.044 and 0.034, respectively), while the modifying effect of PON2 A148G polymorphisms on the association of two phthalate metabolites with SBL was not significant. ConclusionPrenatal exposure to phthalates affected birth weight and length in newborns. PON2 A148G polymorphisms modified the effects of prenatal phthalates' exposure on fetal development. Newborns with PON2 148AG/GG genotype and exposed to high concentrations of MBP and MEHP had higher risks of LBW and SBL.