Abstract
Circulatory failure treatment needs to assess blood volume status, in order to detect a hypovolemia requiring blood volume expansion. Unfortunately, significant fluid responsiveness occurs in only 40–70% of critical care patients after blood volume expansion, suggesting the inability of central venous pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure or conventional echocardiographic parameters to detect hypovolemia and to predict fluid responsiveness. In this way, new dynamic echocardiographic parameters have recently been proposed in mechanically ventilated patients, using the heart lung interactions, such as respiratory changes of aortic blood flow velocity, and of diameters of superior and inferior vena cava. Echocardiography Doppler allows now to completely investigate hemodynamic status in critical care patients.
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