Parametric Study on the Deactivation of Supported Co3O4 Catalysts for Low Temperature CO Oxidation

Abstract

This study focused on the influences of a variety of reaction parameters and guest molecules such as H 2 O and C 3 H 8 on the deactivation of supported Co 3 O 4 catalysts for CO oxidation. Additionally, the physical features of and carbon deposition on some samples after the reaction under the chosen conditions were determined by BET and X-ray diffraction as well as by carbon analyses to deduce the precursors associated with catalyst deactivation. Activity maintenance profiles of the catalysts for CO oxidation at 100°C significantly depended on the support for Co 3 O 4 nanoparticle dispersion, the loading, the preparation technique and the calcination temperature. The best on-stream performance was achieved using a 5% Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness method followed by calcination at 350°C. All the reaction parameters chosen here such as the reaction temperature, the feed gas composition of CO, O 2 , H 2 O and C 3 H 8 , and the gas space velocity strongly influenced the extent of catalyst deactivation during CO oxidation and also the rate of catalyst deactivation. However, the deactivation behavior is very complicated. No appreciable changes in the surface area, the porosity, and the phase of the Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles and their size occurred even for the samples that were severely deactivated. Significant deposition of carbon on the catalysts after the reaction was visible and it depended on the reaction parameters chosen here. Consequently, this extensive parametric study on the deactivation of catalysts during oxidation and with the chosen reaction parameters and guest gases can lead to an understanding of the deactivation precursors that are associated with carbonaceous species including carbonates and surface free carbon. The extent of supported Co 3 O 4 catalyst deactivation during low temperature CO oxidation depends significantly on the support used, the preparation technique, the calcination excursion, the reaction parameters, and the guest molecules such as H 2 O and C 3 H 8 .