Abstract
In this Chapter we analyze a non-linear parametric interaction between Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) waves in the ionosphere. We demonstrate that nonlinear parametric coupling between quasi-electrostatic Lower Oblique Resonance (LOR) and ELF waves significantly contributes to the VLF electromagnetic whistler wave spectrum. Analytical and numerical results are compared with experimental data obtained during active space experiments and satellite data. These data clearly show that presence of VLF waves in the region of plasmasphere boundary layer, where there are no injected due to substorm/storm activity energetic electrons with energies of tens keV can strongly affect the radiation belt boundary.
Highlights
The generation of Very Low Frequency (VLF) sideband emissions due to parametric interaction of Lower Oblique Resonance (LOR) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) waves was first suggested in [1, 2] in an attempt to explain an experimental results observed in the ionosphere by the Aureol 3 satellite [3, 4] and during the CHARGE 2B ionospheric rocket experiment [5]
Nonlinear parametric interactions between quasi-electrostatic LOR and ELF waves was proposed as possible generation mechanisms of VLF whistler waves in the Turbulent Plasmosphere Boundary Layer (TPBL)
A numerical model describing nonlinear parametric coupling of LOR with ELF waves in cold collisionless plasma has been developed in order to explain the generation of electromagnetic VLF whistler waves in the TPBL in the absence of energetic electrons
Summary
The generation of VLF sideband emissions due to parametric interaction of LOR and ELF waves was first suggested in [1, 2] in an attempt to explain an experimental results observed in the ionosphere by the Aureol 3 satellite [3, 4] and during the CHARGE 2B ionospheric rocket experiment [5]. Nonlinear parametric interactions between quasi-electrostatic LOR and ELF waves was proposed as possible generation mechanisms of VLF whistler waves in the Turbulent Plasmosphere Boundary Layer (TPBL). Excitation of these waves was analyzed through an assessment of observations from the Cluster spacecraft and Van Allen Probes [6]. Simulation results reveal generation of multiple sideband emissions around the pump VLF wave These simulation results strongly support analytical model presented in [1, 2] and used in [6, 7] to explain the observations of whistler waves in the plasmasphere boundary layer [11]
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