Abstract
Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) is currently the only proven large-scale energy storage technology. Frequent changes between pump and turbine operations pose significant challenges in the design of a pump-turbine runner with high efficiency and stability, especially for ultrahigh-head reversible pump-turbine runners. In the present paper, a multiobjective optimization design system is used to develop an ultrahigh-head runner with good overall performance. An optimum configuration was selected from the optimization results. The effects of key design parameters—namely blade loading and blade lean—were then investigated in order to determine their effects on runner efficiency and cavitation characteristics. The paper highlights the guidelines for application of inverse design method to high-head reversible pump-turbine runners. Middle-loaded blade loading distribution on the hub, back-loaded distribution on the shroud, and large positive blade lean angle on the high pressure side are good for the improvement of runner power performance. The cavitation characteristic is mainly influenced by the blade loading distribution near the low pressure side, and large blade lean angles have a negative impact on runner cavitation characteristics.
Highlights
Benefits of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) on electrical system operations are prominent.The flexible generation of PHES can provide upregulation and downregulation in power systems.PHES enable quick start and the provision of spinning and standing reserves
The design approach was based on the coupling of the parameterization of the blade shape with a 3D inverse design method to produce the blade geometry, design of experiment (DoE) to reduce the number of calculation times, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to estimate the objective functions, response surface methodology (RSM) to correlate the design parameters with the objectives, and multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to search the Pareto front for the trade-off design [22,23]
The blade loading for the preferred runner and runners D–H are almost the same, so that the large blade lean on the high pressure side (HPS) induces the blade shape change near the runner’s low-pressure side (LPS), and deteriorates the runner’s cavitation characteristics
Summary
Benefits of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) on electrical system operations are prominent. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have gained increasing popularity over the past two or three decades [18,19,20] These population-based methods mimic the evolution of species and the survival of the fittest, and comparted to the gradient-based optimization techniques, they offer advantages, such as good approximations to optimal sets of solutions, generating multiple trade-off solutions in a single iteration [18,21]. A multiobjective optimization design strategy has been used to develop pump-turbine runners [22,23]. The main aim is to offer a guideline for the design ultrahigh-head pump-turbine runners by means of comparisons and analyses of design parameters on the runners’ performances
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