Parametric-based design optimization of air distribution system in panelized construction

Abstract

The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is generally the most time-consuming and costly of the mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems to install, accounting for 25%–45% of the total project cost. In addition, HVAC systems are typically designed in an ad hoc manner, leading to errors, project delays, and cost overruns. A modularized HVAC system is a promising alternative that addresses these challenges through a comprehensive design that includes specific locations of vents, air terminals and ducts on panelized walls and/or floors for ease of manufacture and efficiency of assembly. In this context, this paper proposes an integrated design model comprising the following components: (i) parametric analysis to determine potential locations of air terminals for a high-performance system designed to maximize occupant comfort; (ii) HVAC design optimization to develop optimal air distribution system layout, which can reduce manual error and drafting time, based on design constraints; and (iii) reduced variation in detailed design (e.g., precise locations of supply diffusers) for efficient construction and off-site coordination of the ducting system. Four case studies are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results reveal that the cost and time for air distribution system installation can be reduced by 23.9% and 21.3%, respectively.