Abstract
Serious heat accumulation limits the further efficiency and application in additive manufacturing (AM). This study accordingly proposed a double-wire SS316L stainless steel arc AM with a two-direction auxiliary gas process to research the effect of three parameters, such as auxiliary gas nozzle angle, auxiliary gas flow rate and nozzle-to-substrate distance on depositions, then based on the Box–Behnken Design response surface, a regression equation between three parameters and the total score were established to optimized parameters by an evaluation system. The results showed that samples with nozzle angle of 30° had poor morphology but good properties, and increasing gas flow or decreasing distance would enhance the airflow strength and stiffness, then strongly stir the molten pool and resist the interference. Then a diverse combination of auxiliary process parameters had different influences on the morphology and properties, and an interactive effect on the comprehensive score. Ultimately the optimal auxiliary gas process parameters were 17.4°, 25 L/min and 10.44 mm, which not only bettered the morphology, but refined the grains and improved the properties due to the stirring and cooling effect of the auxiliary gas, which provides a feasible way for quality and efficiency improvements in arc additive manufacturing.
Highlights
Published: 21 January 2021Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been extensively used in manufacturing diverse metal materials
Double-wire arc additive manufacturing can address the conflict between improving deposition rate and reducing heat input
In the study of double-wire cold metal transfer plus pulse (CMT + P) additive manufacturing researched by Wu et al [2], increasing wire feeding speed and scanning speed resulted in serious heat accumulation, which decreased the height and increased the width of the specimens
Summary
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been extensively used in manufacturing diverse metal materials. It has advantages including a high deposition rate, high material utilization, and relatively high production and low equipment costs, which was stated by Martina et al [1]. Double-wire arc additive manufacturing can address the conflict between improving deposition rate and reducing heat input. In the study of double-wire cold metal transfer plus pulse (CMT + P) additive manufacturing researched by Wu et al [2], increasing wire feeding speed and scanning speed resulted in serious heat accumulation, which decreased the height and increased the width of the specimens. Several additional auxiliary processes have been carried out to reduce cooling rates and improve performance by researchers
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