Parameters affecting survival of Weddell seal pups (Leptonychotes weddelli) to weaning

Abstract

We examined birth dates, onset and duration of molt, spacing of females and pups, onset and date of weaning, and post-weaning dispersal of Weddell seal pups (Leptonychotes weddelli) in breeding colonies from 1976 to 1979. Survival of pups to weaning was most influenced by their date of birth, their ability at a very young age to haul out on the ice, and the stability of the fast ice during their weaning. The onset and duration of molt was variable; neither a long molt nor an early molt adversely affected pups. Pups born late in the season were not weaned at a younger age. Exclusive space for females and pups in the colony was most important immediately after a pup's birth. Pups born during the optimal pupping period and in years of stable fast ice had a high probability of survival.