Parameterization of an optical model to refine seagrass habitat requirements in an urbanized coastline

Abstract

Accurate simulation of the underwater light climate is a requirement to understanding and predicting the ecological benefits from initiatives to manage land-derived inputs of nutrients and suspended solids to the coast. The goal of this work was to derive an empirical light model to be used in the water quality module of a coupled physical-biogeochemical model, developed to estimate habitat suitability for seagrasses in a metropolitan region (Adelaide, South Australia) affected by wastewater and stormwater discharges. Paired measurements of water quality and the vertical attenuation coefficient (Kd) obtained at six fixed sites between summer and winter were used in a multiple regression analysis to optimize local specific attenuation coefficients for coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (2.623 cm m−1, measured as absorption at 254 nm), chlorophyll a (0.071 m2 mg−1), suspended solids (SS) < 63 μm (0.032 m2 g−1) and >63 μm (0.001 m2 g−1). The fitted relation explained 65% of the variability in Kd, with a standard error of 0.10 m-1. This error is small considering a mean Kd value of 0.35 m-1, varying between 0.12 and 0.89 m-1. Fine SS contributed on average 6 times more light attenuation (34%) than coarse SS (6%). CDOM was the second largest contributor to Kd (36%). The contribution of chlorophyll a to Kd (13%) was only marginally higher than the background imparted by seawater (12%). In shallow waters (3–5 m), Kd values were >0.4 m-1 and heavily influenced by sediment resuspension. In deeper waters (12–15 m), Kd values decreased and were dominated by CDOM. The light climate in the north of the study region was also heavily influenced by CDOM inputs, not only from point sources but also from mangroves and seagrass beds. This analysis suggests the control of fine SS as the most powerful management option to deter further nearshore seagrass losses in the region, and promote seagrass restoration.