Parameter study and optimization design of a hat oblique tunnel portal

Abstract

The present work focuses on the aerodynamic problems resulting from a high-speed train (HST) passing through a tunnel. Numerical simulations were employed to obtain the numerical results, and they were verified by a moving-model test. Two responses, [Formula: see text] (coefficient of the peak-to-peak pressure of a single fluctuation) and[Formula: see text] (pressure value of micro-pressure wave), were studied with regard to the three building parameters of the portal-hat buffer structure of the tunnel entrance and exit. The MOPSO (multi-objective particle swarm optimization) method was employed to solve the optimization problem in order to find the minimum [Formula: see text] and[Formula: see text]. Results showed that the effects of the three design parameters on [Formula: see text] were not monotonous, and the influences of[Formula: see text] (the oblique angle of the portal) and [Formula: see text] (the height of the hat structure) were more significant than that of[Formula: see text] (the angle between the vertical line of the portal and the hat). Monotonically decreasing responses were found in [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and[Formula: see text]. The Pareto front of [Formula: see text] and[Formula: see text]was obtained. The ideal single-objective optimums for each response located at the ends of the Pareto front had values of 1.0560 for [Formula: see text] and 101.8 Pa for[Formula: see text].