Abstract
This paper presents a novel-fractional-order lithium-ion battery model that is suitable for use in embedded applications. The proposed model uses fractional calculus with an improved Oustaloup approximation method to describe all the internal battery dynamic behaviors. The fractional-order model parameters, such as equivalent circuit component coefficients and fractional-order values, are identified by a genetic algorithm. A modeling parameters sensitivity study using the statistical Multi-Parameter Sensitivity Analysis (MPSA) method is then performed and discussed in detail. Through the analysis, the dynamic effects of parameters on the model output performance are obtained. It has been found out from the analysis that the fractional-order values and their corresponding internal dynamics have different degrees of impact on model outputs. Thus, they are considered as crucial parameters to accurately describe a battery’s dynamic voltage responses. To experimentally verify the accuracy of developed fractional-order model and evaluate its performance, the experimental tests are conducted with a hybrid pulse test and a dynamic stress test (DST) on two different types of lithium-ion batteries. The results demonstrate the accuracy and usefulness of the proposed fractional-order model on battery dynamic behavior prediction.
Highlights
Nowadays, electric vehicles (EVs), including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and fuel-cell-basedHEVs (FCHEV), are considered to be an effective way to achieve significant fuel consumption and carbon emission reductions [1]
The fractional-order electrochemical impedance modeling approach of a lithium-ion battery consists of different dynamic phenomena inside the battery: lithium-ion migration through the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, activation kinetics in both negative and positive electrodes, double layer effects at the interfaces of electrolytes, and lithium-ion diffusion processes in the active material of the electrodes
In order to verify the validity of the proposed model and to evaluate its performance, experiments are conducted with a hybrid pulse test and a dynamic stress test (DST) [29]
Summary
Electric vehicles (EVs), including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and fuel-cell-based. The proposed fractional-order model can accurately describe all the lithium-ion battery internal electrochemical behaviors, including battery Ohmic losses, lithium-ion migration through the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, charge transfer kinetics, double layer effects, and lithium-ion diffusion processes using free fractional-orders elements. All the battery internal dynamic behaviors, including SEI layer, charge transfer kinetics, double layer effects, and lithium-ion diffusion processes are accurately captured by simple free fractional-orders elements in the proposed model. The modeling parameter sensitivities, especially the effect of the values of fractional calculus on the battery model performance, are analyzed in this paper This analysis provides insights into the influence of fractional-order parameters, and further shows which internal dynamic behaviors have more significant effects on battery terminal voltage
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