Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) supplied with green hydrogen from renewable sources are a promising technology for carbon dioxide-free energy conversion. Many mathematical models to describe and understand the internal processes have been developed to design more powerful and efficient PEMFCs. Parameterizing such models is challenging, but indispensable to predict the species transport and electrochemical conversion accurately. Many material parameters are unknown, or the measurement methods required to determine their values are expensive, time-consuming, and destructive. This work shows the parameterization of a quasi-3D PEMFC model using measurements from a stack test stand and numerical optimization algorithms. Differential evolution and the Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm were used to optimize eight material parameters of the membrane, cathode catalyst layer (CCL), and gas diffusion layer (GDL). Measurements with different operating temperatures and gas inlet pressures were available for optimization and validation. Due to the low operating temperature of the stack, special attention was paid to the temperature dependent terms in the governing equations. Simulations with optimized parameters predicted the steady-state and transient behavior of the stack well. Therefore, valuable data for the characterization of the membrane, the CCL and GDL was created that can be used for more detailed CFD simulations in the future.
Highlights
IntroductionSufficient hydration of the membrane must be ensured for proper conduction of hydrogen ions, and on the other hand, flooding of the microporous layers and gas diffusion layer (GDL) must be avoided
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) powered by green hydrogen show a performance that is well suited for automotive applications due to their high power density, high efficiency, and high startup availability [1]
The analyzed commercial PEMFC consisted of bipolar plates made of fuel cell grade graphite, carbon paper gas diffusion layer (GDL) with hydrophobic PTFE coating, and an ultra-thin automotivegrade PEM made from SSC-PFSA with reinforcement
Summary
Sufficient hydration of the membrane must be ensured for proper conduction of hydrogen ions, and on the other hand, flooding of the microporous layers and GDLs must be avoided
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