Abstract
ABSTRACT GNSS positioning errors are certain, regardless of the adopted positioning method. In agriculture, these errors may represent higher or lower overlapping rates between passes of a mechanical assembly, affecting operation quality. Therefore, this study evaluated the main errors arising from peanut sowing operation performed with an auto-steer guidance system by an RTX signal, using the Statistical Process Control techniques. The errors evaluated were: in tractor lateral displacement, project execution, and parallelism between passes of tractor-seeder set. The average errors of project execution in all passes were within the range specified by the manufacturer, i.e. lower than 3.8 cm. The average error of tractor-seeder set was also within the accepted range. However, as shown in control charts, lateral tractor displacement had interference of terrain slope, causing average errors higher than the accepted range. Based on the control charts, project execution accuracy was satisfactory, and it is possible to use the RTX signal in agricultural operations that require accuracy lower than 3.8 cm, such as peanut sowing.
Highlights
Real Time Kinematic (RTK) relative positioning via radio is the most widely used system in agriculture because it ensures errors of 2.5 cm (Baio & Moratelli, 2011)
This study evaluated the positioning errors and the quality of an autosteering system for peanut sowing operation using an RTX signal and by means of Statistical Process Control (SPC) analysis
Peanut was sown according to a CAD designed project, which took into account the working width of the seederfertilizer set, and crop row spacing
Summary
Real Time Kinematic (RTK) relative positioning via radio is the most widely used system in agriculture because it ensures errors of 2.5 cm (Baio & Moratelli, 2011). Precise point positioning method (PPP) using an RTX signal (Real Time extend) requires only a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems)receiver on the machine body and can provide accuracy higher than 2 cm (Monico, 2000). It makes this method an interesting alternative to mechanized farming operations. The RTX signal consists of several reference bases distributed across the globe, enabling machine position corrections in the field, with a guaranteed accuracy of 3.8 cm as per the signal provider. GNSS positioning errors (systematic or random) interfere with the path planned for the machines, increasing the overlapping between passes of the mechanical assembly, regardless of the operation. Systematic errors can be eliminated or reduced with observation techniques (Monico, 2008), while random errors are inherent in the observations and persist even after using elimination techniques
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