Abstract
AbstractThis article describes rat‐race circuits (RRCs) in which a pair of ring‐lines have parallel lines of ±180‐degree difference for electrical length to realize the RRC with very loose coupling such as −10 dB or less. The proposed RRCs with parallel ring‐lines realize a coupling factor of −10 dB and −20 dB by using moderate characteristic impedance lines with a view point of fabrication tolerance for general PCB technologies. We confirm the validity of this circuit construction and design method using a commercial electromagnetic simulator and decide the circuit pattern for fabrication at a center frequency of 2.45 GHz. The fabricated RRCs with parallel ring‐lines realize the desired coupling factors and in‐/out‐of‐phase outputs, and the measurement results of scattering parameters for −10 dB and −20 dB RRCs are in good agreement with the simulation results.
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