Abstract
The chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement embedded in concrete is undoubtedly one of the most important durability problems of reinforced concrete structures. The chloride ions as well as other ionic species (Na+, Ca2+, K+, OH−) come from various deicing salts and they are transported from the environment into concrete. To investigate the transport mechanism of the multispecies, complex scientific methods and accurate mathematical models are needed. The purpose of this study is to develop a more robust mathematical model and better computational technique to characterize the coupled effect of ionic transport mechanisms as well as the influence of interaction of ionic species. The new mathematical model was developed based on the Nernst–Planck equation and null current condition to solve the ionic-induced electrostatic potential, and the model was implemented by a parallel finite element algorithm. The verification of mathematical model was done by comparing the model prediction with experimental results for ionic transport in saturated concrete. The comparisons showed good results. The model prediction of the multispecies transport in partially saturated concrete demonstrated that the ionic species dissolved in pore solution could be carried by the moisture movement and pressure gradient. Therefore, the multispecies transport model based on the parallel finite element method is effective, accurate, and can be used for solving the partial differential equations for ionic species transport in concrete.
Highlights
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world because of its availability and good performance
The chloride ion is not the only ion penetrating into the concrete, several other ionic species in the environment penetrating into the concrete together with the chloride
For the simulation of electrochemical multispecies transport in saturated concrete, the mathematical model and finite element (FE) model have been developed with the Nernst–Planck equation related to the ionic interaction of multi-ions in concrete pore solution
Summary
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world because of its availability and good performance. For the simulation of electrochemical multispecies transport in saturated concrete, the mathematical model and finite element (FE) model have been developed with the Nernst–Planck equation related to the ionic interaction of multi-ions in concrete pore solution. This model can be incorporated with influences of boundary conditions, current density, and transport parameters of concrete. A multispecies transport in a multiphase medium has been developed by considering the effects of aggregates, interface transition zones (ITZs), and ionic binding on chloride penetration in concrete to provide a more accurate prediction of the complex interaction between ions [18,19,20].
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