Para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in a patient in Brazil: a case report.

José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso,Pedro Moreira Folegatti,Beatriz Julieta Celeste,Eduard Evert Zijlstra,Luiza Keiko Matsuka Oyafuso,Carlos Henrique Valente Moreira

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0487-2016

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is common in Brazil and is caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum/chagasi. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis frequently follows visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani, and para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis refers to an uncommon presentation wherein it occurs simultaneously along with visceral leishmaniasis. While post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis only occurs occasionally in L. infantum/chagasi infections, it frequently occurs in patients with concomitant immunosuppression (HIV co-infection). Here, we describe the first case of para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Brazil. It is important to raise awareness of post- and para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in L. infantum endemic areas as these patients may contribute to visceral leishmaniasis transmission.

Highlights

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is common in South America and 90% of cases occur in Brazil
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis frequently follows visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani, and para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis refers to an uncommon presentation wherein it occurs simultaneously along with visceral leishmaniasis
In Latin America, cutaneous manifestations in leishmaniasis are related to Leishmania from the subgenus Viannia[3]; there are reports of cutaneous lesions similar to those observed in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), caused by Leishmania infantum, mainly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients[4,5]

Summary

Introduction

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is common in South America and 90% of cases occur in Brazil. Visceral leishmaniasis is common in Brazil and is caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum/chagasi. While post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis only occurs occasionally in L. infantum/chagasi infections, it frequently occurs in patients with concomitant immunosuppression (HIV co-infection).

Results

Conclusion