Abstract
Channel estimation is crucial in millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, especially with a few training sequences. To solve the problem of uplink channel estimation in mmWave massive MIMO systems, a PARAFAC-based algorithm is proposed for joint estimation of multiuser channels. The orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) technique is exploited to combat the frequency selective fading channels. In this paper, the received signal at the base station (BS) is formulated as a third-order parallel factor (PARAFAC) tensor, and then a low-complexity algorithm is designed for fast estimation of the factor matrices related to channel parameters, thus leading to joint estimation of multiuser channel parameters via one-dimensional search. Moreover, the Cramér–Rao Bound (CRB) results for multiuser channel parameters are derived for evaluation. Theorical analysis and numerical results reveal that the algorithm performs well with a few training sequences. Compared with existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has clear advantages both in estimation accuracy and computational complexity.
Highlights
In millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, large antenna arrays implemented at the base station (BS) and mobile station (MS) are utilized to supply adequate beamforming gains, which offers a compensation for high signal attenuation at mmWave frequencies [7,8,9]
Numerical results prove the superiority of our proposed algorithm over other compressing sensing (CS)-based algorithms through computer emulation
A parallel factor (PARAFAC) decomposition-based algorithm has been provided for multiuser uplink channel estimation over the broad-band frequencyselective fading (FSF) mmWave channels
Summary
The large number of spatial degrees of freedom created by the massive MIMO contribute to high user throughput and high spectral efficiency for extended mobile broadband (eMBB). In mmWave massive MIMO systems, large antenna arrays implemented at the base station (BS) and mobile station (MS) are utilized to supply adequate beamforming gains, which offers a compensation for high signal attenuation at mmWave frequencies [7,8,9]. In such a context, the number of radio frequency (RF) chains is much smaller than that of antennas due to lower hardware cost and power consumption
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