Abstract
Acetylcholine is crucial for the regulation of paradoxical sleep (PS) and EEG theta activity. To determine the contribution of individual muscarinic receptors to these events, we analyzed the sleep-waking cycle and EEG activities of mice lacking functional M<sub>3</sub> or M<sub>2</sub>/M<sub>4 </sub>receptors. Daily PS amounts were significantly decreased in M3–/– (–22%) but not in M2/M4–/– mice. Further, the theta peak frequency for PS was significantly increased in both M2/M4–/– and M3–/– mice. This study supports the potential role of M<sub>3</sub> rather than M<sub>2</sub> and M<sub>4</sub> muscarinic receptors in the modulation of PS in mice and strengthens the idea that multiple muscarinic receptors contribute to the regulation of the EEG theta activity during PS.
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