Paradigm of philosophy of security in Poland through the prism of pandemic and socio-political changes: analysis of problem origin and risks of spreading attention focus

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to describe the paradigm of philosophy of security in Poland as well as to analyse its pandemic and socio-political changes. The objectives include: establishment of approaches to philosophical interpretation of security; philosophical analysis of threats in the Polish community; conducting a survey among Polish households to study public opinion on the problem; description of the principles of further sustainable development. Within the framework of our research, a number of philosophical, historical, sociological works devoted to the problem were analysed and 40 articles that were published during the recent five years as they show the most recent data and help to formulate objectively and accurately research statements were selected. This research applied the mixed-methods approach, and both quantitative and qualitative data was collected through descriptive and experimental survey. The research was conducted in three stages: preliminary (June-September, 2020), main (between 2020 and 2022), and final (October-November, 2022). The experimental survey involved 346 Polish households nationwide. The data revealed the understanding of security among the Polish residents and helped draw the paradigm on the basis of public opinion. The results showed that security is interpreted through traditional and modern theories using ontological, gnoseological, axiological, praxeological, methodological, and anthropological approaches. Also, security is translated from the objective and subjective aspects. The definitions of security can be divided into four groups on the basis of similar characteristics. The Polish understanding of security is based on the concept that security is the highest, absolute, and eternal value for humanity. The components of national security of Poland are internal, external and international. The paradigm of philosophy of security in Poland is realised in macro-, mezzo-, and microlevel on the basis of principles of sustainable development considering pandemic and socio-political changes in Poland. The paradigm can be used to build secure environment in the country.