Abstract
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system. Excessive glutamate releasing overactivates its receptors and changes calcium homeostasis that in turn leads to a cascade of intracellular events causing neuronal degeneration. In current study, we used neural stem cells conditioned medium (NSCs-CM) to investigate its neuroprotective effects on glutamate-treated primary cortical neurons. Embryonic rat primary cortical cultures were exposed to different concentrations of glutamate for 1 hour and then they incubated with NSCs-CM. Subsequently, the amount of cell survival in different glutamate excitotoxic groups were measured after 24 h of incubation by trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT assay. Hoechst and propidium iodide were used for determining apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways proportion and then the effect of NSCs-CM was investigated on this proportion. NSCs conditioned medium increased viability rate of the primary cortical neurons after glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Also we found that NSCs-CM provides its neuroprotective effects mainly by decreasing apoptotic cell death rate rather than necrotic cell death rate. The current study shows that adult neural stem cells could exert paracrine neuroprotective effects on cortical neurons following a glutamate neurotoxic insult.
Highlights
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system (CNS)
Embryonic rat primary cortical cultures were exposed to different concentrations of glutamate for 1 hour and they incubated with neural stem cells conditioned medium (NSCs-CM)
Effects of neural stem cells (NSCs)-CM on mitochondrial function and viability of neuronal cells after glutamate exposure To determine the protective effect of NSCs derived CM on neuronal cells after exposure to glutamate, various concentrations of glutamate including 10 and 100 μM to 1, 10 and 100 mM was added to culture medium for 1 h
Summary
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system (CNS). By virtue of their neuroprotective properties, neural stem and progenitor cells, with capacity to self-renew and generating different cell types of the CNS, have been extensively used for an array of nervous tissue disorders
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