Abstract
Recent studies investigating protease-activated receptor type 2 (PAR-2) suggest an association between the receptor and periodontal inflammation. It is known that gingipain, a bacterial protease secreted by the important periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis can activate PAR-2. Previous studies by our group found that PAR-2 is overexpressed in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with moderate chronic periodontitis (MP). The present study aimed at evaluating whether PAR-2 expression is associated with chronic periodontitis severity. GCF samples and clinical parameters, including plaque and bleeding on probing indices, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, were collected from the control group (n = 19) at baseline, and from MP patients (n = 19) and severe chronic periodontitis (SP) (n = 19) patients before and 6 weeks after periodontal non-surgical treatment. PAR-2 and gingipain messenger RNA (mRNA) in the GCF of 4 periodontal sites per patient were evaluated by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). PAR-2 and gingipain expressions were greater in periodontitis patients than in control group patients. In addition, the SP group presented increased PAR-2 and gingipain mRNA levels, compared with the MP group. Furthermore, periodontal treatment significantly reduced (p <0.05) PAR-2 expression in patients with periodontitis. In conclusion, PAR-2 is associated with chronic periodontitis severity and with gingipain levels in the periodontal pocket, thus suggesting that PAR-2 expression in the GCF reflects the severity of destruction during periodontal infection.
Highlights
The present study examined the expression of protease-activated receptor type 2 (PAR-2) in patients with different severity of chronic periodontitis
The present study showed that Protease activated receptors (PARs)-2 expression was significantly associated with clinical measurements of disease severity
The present study demonstrated that PAR-2 expression in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) reflects the presence of infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), since there was a positive correlation between the expression of PAR-2 and the expression of the bacterial protease gingipain, which plays a known role in PAR-2 activation.[7,8,9]
Summary
The aim of this study was to verify whether PAR-2 expression in the GCF is associated to the intensity of the periodontal destruction
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