Papillomas at high risk for malignant progression arising both early and late during two-stage carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice.

Abstract

The current study was designed to further establish that most papillomas produced in SENCAR mice during two-stage skin carcinogenesis are, in fact, premalignant lesions and to specifically determine the malignant conversion potential of papillomas that arise at different times during the carcinogenesis process. A method was established to physically map and monitor the lifespan of all papillomas produced in SENCAR mice during the course of an initiation-promotion experiment using DMBA as the initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as the promoter. The results from these experiments showed that in groups of mice initiated with either 0.5 or 2.0 microg DMBA, long-term (60 weeks) treatment with TPA yielded a significantly higher number of SCCs compared to short-term treatment (7 weeks). Papillomas that emerged after 11 weeks and thereafter in all treatment groups had the ability to progress to SCCs. The median conversion time for all papillomas in all groups was 26 weeks. When corrected for median conversion time, papillomas that emerged in week 11 and thereafter in all treatment groups had similar or greater conversion ratios compared to those that emerged within the first 10 weeks. Interestingly, the median conversion time was significantly shorter (18 versus 27 weeks, respectively; P<0.0002) for papillomas that emerged in week 11 and thereafter compared to those that emerged at or prior to 10 weeks for all groups. The data in this study demonstrate that papillomas arising throughout a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol in SENCAR mice progress to SCCs. Many papillomas that arise later in two-stage carcinogenesis protocols do not have sufficient time to allow for conversion and should be excluded from the analyses. Furthermore, another novel finding of the current study was the observation that papillomas arising later in the two-stage protocol (>11 weeks) progressed to SCCs at a faster rate than those that arose earliest in the protocol.