Abstract
Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignant tumors. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common histological type of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), accounting for 90% of thyroid cancers. PTC commonly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. However, distant metastasis may rarely occur and accounts for 5% of the patients. The lungs and the bones are the most common sites for distant metastasis. Major risk factors for PTC include radiation exposure, insufficient or excess dietary iodine, Cowden’s disease, Gardner’s syndrome and dyshormonogenetic goiter. The serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level is the most sensitive and reliable marker indicating persistent or recurrent disease during follow-up after total or near-total thyroidectomy and I131 remnant ablation in patients with DTC.
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