Papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.

Abstract

Comprehensive population-based data on the role of respiratory viruses in the development of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) remain unclear. We investigated the incidences and effect of respiratory viruses single and multiple infections on risk of LTIs in Vietnam. Population-based prospective surveillance and case-control study of hospitalised paediatric ARI were conducted from April 2007 through March 2010. Healthy controls were randomly recruited from the same community. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested for 13 respiratory viruses using multiplex-polymerase chain reactions. 1,992 hospitalised ARI episodes including 397(19.9%) with LRIs were enrolled. Incidence of hospitalised LRIs among children under 24 months was 2,171.9 per 100,000(95% confidence interval: 1,947.9 – 2,419.7). The majority of ARI cases(60.9%) were positive for at least one virus. Human rhinovirus (HRV)(24.2%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)(20.1%), and influenza A virus (FLUA)(12.0%) were the most common and 9.5% had multiple-viral infections. RSV and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections independently increased the risk of LRIs. RSV further increased the risk, when co-infected with HRV, HMPV and Parainfluenzavirus-3 but not with FLUA. The case-control analysis revealed that RSV and FLUA increased the risk of ARI hospitalization but not HRV. RSV is the leading pathogens associated with risk of ARI hospitalization and LTIs in Vietnam.