Abstract
Any failure or disruption in traffic flow can propagate through the road network. However, the server of such disruption and its consequences depends on the robustness and resiliency of transportation systems. In this context, traffic management (TM) measures will help the traffic stream to prevent the occurrence of such conditions or recover faster after experiencing the disruption. The main objective of this paper was to elaborate the contribution of TM measures to the resiliency of transportation systems, as well as, their vulnerability against external threats. Furthermore, a concept design for variable message signs (VMS) is developed and evaluated in terms of contribution to the resiliency of road networks. As well, new vulnerabilities associated with the implementation of VMS are investigated. The result of this study pointed out that ramp-metering, variable message signs, variable speed limits, and autonomous vehicles are valuable tools to mitigate the severity of traffic disruptions. VMS is one of the most effective approaches that enhance traffic resiliency by reducing traffic inflow to congested areas. However, these measures have opened new vulnerabilities to threats, especially cyber-attacks. Several cases of VMS hacks have occurred in the world and provided false messages to road users. It gets even worse with using an integrated wireless communication interface. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the security of such systems in advance, before practical application.
Highlights
In modern cities, robustness and resiliency of transportation systems are critical [1]
This study aimed to investigate the resilience and robustness of traffic management measures
Ramp-metering, variable speed limit (VSL), variable message signs (VMS), and autonomous vehicles are the traffic management (TM) measures that were discussed in this paper
Summary
Robustness and resiliency of transportation systems are critical [1]. There are a large number of factors that influence the ability of traffic to maintain a certain speed, serviceability, and overall performance of flow, locally and within the whole network. It means that any local disruption influences the overall performance of the road network In this case, transportation systems are required to have enough resilience to ensure the operational continuity and absorption of the disturbance effect. Transportation resiliency represents the ability of the system to function during and after major disruption to an acceptable level of service and minimum consequences on the other parts of the network [6]. Increasing the resiliency of transportation systems would be a more efficient approach compared to allocating time and money to improve the systems’ security [4] It refers to the ability of the system to handle the changes of conditions.
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