Abstract
The lightweight aggregates used by the civil engineering market are sintered at a high temperature, about 1200 °C. In times of high energy prices and regulation of carbon dioxide emissions, lightweight aggregate products of the high-temperature process in sales marketing are not readily accepted. This study developed a sintered-type paper sludge lightweight aggregate. In order to reduce energy consumption, substitution of some reservoir sediment clay in paper sludge substitutes is to be expected. The study used two types of paper sludge (green clay paper sludge and paper pulp sludge). The sintering temperature was reduced effectively as the green clay paper sludge was substituted for some of the reservoir sediment clay, and the optimum substitute ranges of green clay paper sludge were 10%–50%. The optimum substitute ranges of the paper pulp sludge were 10%–40%. Test results show that the properties of aggregates have a particle density of 0.66–1.69 g/cm3, a water absorption of 5%–30%, and a loss on ignition of 10%–43%. The loss on ignition of aggregate became greater with the increase in paper sludge content. This means that the calorific value provided by the paper sludge will increase as paper sludge content increases. Paper sludge can therefore be considered a good material to provide heat energy for sintering lightweight aggregate.
Highlights
Lightweight aggregates with lightness, durability, excellent thermal insulation, and high strength are suitable for building construction
The sintering temperature can be effectively reduced with the high flux content in green clay series lightweight aggregates
Green clay lightweight aggregates stay in approximately the same size, and their expansion rates are close
Summary
Lightweight aggregates with lightness, durability, excellent thermal insulation, and high strength are suitable for building construction. They have been used in many countries as construction materials for many years [1,2]. In Taiwan, about 100,000 cubic meters of lightweight aggregate are used in the market per year, of which about 80% are imported from Mainland China. Since only a small amount of lightweight aggregate is produced in Taiwan, the cement and concrete products industry needs to import high cost aggregates. The industry has lost interest in using lightweight aggregates. This is the major reason that the lightweight aggregate industry cannot expand quickly in Taiwan
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