Abstract
The development of industry and of the Internet of Things (IoTs) have brought energy issues and huge challenges to the environment. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has attracted wide attention due to their advantages, such as self-powering, lightweight, and facile fabrication. Similarly to paper and other fiber-based materials, which are biocompatible, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and are everywhere in daily life, paper-based TENGs (P-TENGs) have shown great potential for various energy harvesting and interactive applications. Here, a detailed summary of P-TENGs with two-dimensional patterns and three-dimensional structures is reported. P-TENGs have the potential to be used in many practical applications, including self-powered sensing devices, human–machine interaction, electrochemistry, and highly efficient energy harvesting devices. This leads to a simple yet effective way for the next generation of energy devices and paper electronics.
Highlights
Environmental pollution is an undeniable fact in our daily lives
Regarding surface modification and fabrication methods involving paper, we highlight the strategies to improve the output performance of P-triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs)
Triboelectrification is the basis of TENGs and it can be explained by an electron-cloud potential-well model and by an electron-emission-dominated charge-transfer mechanism
Summary
Environmental pollution is an undeniable fact in our daily lives. The air pollution caused by industrial waste generation (gases/ toxins) and by the combustion of fossil fuels is getting more and more serious [1,2]. Its intrinsically high mechanical strength enabled the production of a flexible and stable thin layer, which could be used as a freestanding friction layer ( electrode) in TENGs. In addition to the applications in energy harvesting, GO can be readily used to monitor the relative humidity (RH) because of the strong interactions between water molecules and oxygen functional groups on its surface. 1400 F·m−2 under 6 A·m−2) in comparison to the CNT electrode under all the applied current densities (Figure 10f) This application of P-TENGs provides a feasible and an effective way to construct self-powered electrochemical systems with a high output performance, enables the application of TENGs in the preparation of electrodes for supercapacitors with high specific capacitance values, and it is promising for large-scale applications in the environmental sciences. Functionality self-powered paper piano active sensor self-powered sensing system wireless transmission & electropolymerization applications self-powered sensing system pressure sensor page mark and anti-theft sensor
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