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Abstract
Flexible paper-based physiological sensor electrodes were developed using chemically-modified graphene (CG) and carboxylic-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (f@MWCNTs). A solvothermal process with additional treatment was conducted to synthesize CG and f@MWCNTs to make CG-f@MWCNT composites. The composite was sonicated in an appropriate solvent to make a uniform suspension, and then it was drop cast on a nylon membrane in a vacuum filter. A number of batches (0%~35% f@MWCNTs) were prepared to investigate the performance of the physical characteristics. The 25% f@MWCNT-loaded composite showed the best adhesion on the paper substrate. The surface topography and chemical bonding of the proposed CG-f@MWCNT electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The average sheet resistance of the 25% CG-f@MWCNT electrode was determined to be 75 Ω/□, and it showed a skin contact impedance of 45.12 kΩ at 100 Hz. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were recorded from the chest and fingertips of healthy adults using the proposed electrodes. The CG-f@MWCNT electrodes demonstrated comfortability and a high sensitivity for electrocardiogram signal detection.
Highlights
The continuous monitoring of personal health is one of the most demanding areas of interest in wearable devices
It was clear that no folded sheets of chemically-modified graphene (CG) were available in 35% of the composites
The results indicate that after the 25% loading of f@multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) into the composite, conductive networks between CG sheets and carbon nanotube (CNT) wires were well established
Summary
The continuous monitoring of personal health is one of the most demanding areas of interest in wearable devices. Electrolytic conductive gel and skin preparation are required for conventional electrodes to reduce skin–electrode contact impedance, but this gel often dries out over time, and this creates impedance variations and a dramatic reduction in signal quality. It often causes skin irritation and allergic reactions, bringing excessive discomfort. Sweat is another source of signal degradation for wet electrodes [3,4]
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