Abstract
Petroleum oils. Their nature, types, and method of refining are briefly introduced and followed by a discussion of their properties, constitution, and the important effects of their aromatic and of their non-hydrocarbon constituents. The effects of oil oxidation, including effects on bearing metals, and thermal decomposition are referred to and a number of the more important oil additives are described. An indication of useful oil life in relation to temperature and other conditions is given, and the importance of performance testing under rimulated service conditions is described. Water-containing lubricants. Water-in-oil, oil-in-water, and water–glycol solutions are described, together with their special properties such as fire-resistance. Their performances as lubricants, including effect on fatigue pitting, are briefly discussed. Synthetic oils. Dibasic acid esters, neopentyl esters, triaryl phosphate esters, chlorinated diphenyls, fluorocarbons, polyglycols, silicones, and polyphenyl ethers are described in terms of structure and physical properties. Their stability to oxidation, thermal degradation, and hydrolysis are discussed as are their effects on materials of construction, their load-carrying capacity under various conditions, and toxicity.
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