PAP6 Surgery in the age of multimodal cancer therapy: Advances and the path to the future

Abstract

Japan has produced world-class achievements in the surgical treatment of solid tumor cancers, both in short- and long-term outcomes. Up through the 1980s, standard surgical procedures were established in different areas of cancer for not only primary lesion resection but also preventive dissection of lymph nodes at risk of metastasis, resulting in the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. The 1990s saw the evolution and dissemination of these procedures as minimally invasive approaches through their combination with laparoscopy and thoracoscopy.