Abstract
Objective: To verify the frequency of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp. Trichomonas vaginalis in pap smears and the presence of these when using the copper intrauterine device or the oral contraceptive. Method: The analysis of 119 312 examinations of women seen by the public health system in the Northeast region of Brazil from the period from January 2006 to December 2010. The variables analyzed were age, frequency of microorganisms, contraceptive use, type of contraception adopted correlated with the presence of microorganisms. Results: The average age among the women was 33.4 ± 11.15 years. The most frequent microorganism, Gardnerella vaginalis, was found in 16,137 examinations, followed by Candida spp. in Trichomonas vaginalis and the 12,661 in 2023. The use of oral contraceptives was found in 21,792 women, and these, showed the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis in 1054, Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis in 687 in 133 tests. Regarding the use of use of copper intrauterine device, used by 18,894 women, the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis was detected in 964, Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis in 595 in 122 of the cases. Conclusion: The presence of microorganisms associated with contraceptive use is evident, in particular, Garnerella vaginalis which is more common in both kinds of contraception methods adopted by women.
Highlights
The normal vaginal microbiota, its interaction with the products of microbial metabolism, hormonal status and host immune response, are factors that promote the balance in the vaginal ecosystem [1]
The presence of microorganisms associated with contraceptive use is evident, in particular, Garnerella vaginalis which is more common in both kinds of contraception methods adopted by women
The mixed infection caused by Candida spp. with Gardnerella vaginalis was identified in 504 cases with Trichomonas vaginalis Gardnerella vaginalis in 172 cases, Candida spp. associated with Trichomonas vaginalis was identified in 52 cases and Candida spp
Summary
The normal vaginal microbiota, its interaction with the products of microbial metabolism, hormonal status and host immune response, are factors that promote the balance in the vaginal ecosystem [1]. The presence of women with genital tract infection caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida spp. or Trichomonas vaginalis is frequent in gynecological medical offices and public health services [2, 3]. Trichomoniasis is considered a sexually transmitted disease, asymptomatic for most men, in contrast to what occurs with women, whose etiologic agent is the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis [2]. The presence of these microorganisms in the vagina may be predominantly asymptomatic. The use of barrier methods or oral contraceptives is protective against such illnesses [8]
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