Abstract
Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) retinal intoxication induces glial activation and inflammatory response via the interaction with retinal neurons. In this study, rabbit retinal explant was used as a model to study neuronal and glial consequences of PVL intoxication. Retinal explants were treated with different concentrations of PVL. PVL location and neuronal and glial changes were examined using immunohistochemistry. Some inflammatory factors were quantified using RT-qPCR at 4 and 8 h. These results were compared with those of control explants. PVL co-localized rapidly with retinal ganglion cells and with horizontal cells. PVL induced Müller and microglial cell activation. Retinal structure was altered and some amacrine and microglial cells underwent apoptosis. Glial activation and cell apoptosis increased in a PVL concentration- and time-dependent manner. IL-6 and IL-8 expression increased in PVL-treated explants but less than in control explants, which may indicate that other factors were responsible for glial activation and retinal apoptosis. On retinal explants, PVL co-localized with neuronal cells and induced glial activation together with microglial apoptosis, which confirms previous results observed in in vivo model. Rabbit retinal explant seems to be suitable model to further study the process of PVL leading to glial activation and retinal cells apoptosis.
Highlights
Bacterial endophthalmitis is an acute ocular infection and often results in poor visual outcomes [1].The severity of bacterial endophthalmitis is related to virulent infecting strains [2]
In a Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-induced endophthalmitis rabbit in vivo model, we previously demonstrated that PVL co-localized with retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and caused glial cell activation, as well as some microglial apoptosis
PVL Co-Localized with RGCs and Horizontal Cells
Summary
Bacterial endophthalmitis is an acute ocular infection and often results in poor visual outcomes [1]. The severity of bacterial endophthalmitis is related to virulent infecting strains [2]. Toxins 2018, 10, 455 aureus is a virulent bacterium frequently found in endophthalmitis cases. S. aureus are associated with its virulence [3]. The toxins are offensive weapons of S. aureus, which attack directly the immune cells and other host cells [4,5]. Analyzing the effects of toxins on the retina could reveal the mechanism by which virulent factors aggravate bacterial endophthalmitis
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