Abstract
A cold-adapted siphovirus, vB_PagS_AAS23 (AAS23) was isolated in Lithuania using the Pantoea agglomerans strain AUR for the phage propagation. The double-stranded DNA genome of AAS23 (51,170 bp) contains 92 probable protein encoding genes, and no genes for tRNA. A comparative sequence analysis revealed that 25 of all AAS23 open reading frames (ORFs) code for unique proteins that have no reliable identity to database entries. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, AAS23 has no close relationship to other viruses publicly available to date and represents a single species of the genus Sauletekiovirus within the family Drexlerviridae. The phage is able to form plaques in bacterial lawns even at 4 °C and demonstrates a depolymerase activity. Thus, the data presented in this study not only provides the information on Pantoea-infecting bacteriophages, but also offers novel insights into the diversity of cold-adapted viruses and their potential to be used as biocontrol agents.
Highlights
Pantoea is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative, nonsporulating, yellow-pigmented and highly diverse bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae
We present biological characteristics and a complete genome analysis of Pantoea agglomerans-infecting bacteriophage vB_PagS_AAS23
We present a detailed analysis of AAS23 phage genome, virion morphology and proteomics, and other characteristics that are relevant for comprehensive description of bacteriophages
Summary
Pantoea is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative, nonsporulating, yellow-pigmented and highly diverse bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Members of this genus have been found to predominate in the phyllosphere of various plants, both as epiphytes and endophytes, Pantoea have been isolated from many aquatic and terrestrial environments, as well as in association with insects, animals and humans [1,2,3]. Despite the importance of bacteriophages in shaping the general biology, ecology, and evolution of bacteria, and their promising use as biocontrol agents against pathogenic bacteria [8,9,10], Pantoea-infecting viruses remain underexplored to date. It is not surprising given that Pantoea and Erwinia form a monophyletic group within the family Erwiniaceae [1,24], and some broad-host range
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