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Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most economically important crops in the world. During the routine monitoring of wheat pest, the cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanopus, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), in the Greater Poland region, it was observed that some leaves wounded by CLB also displayed brownish lesions with clear margins and yellow halo, disease symptoms resembling a bacterial infection. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate those symptoms to establish a causal agent of the disease. The identification based on the results of the Biolog’s Gen III system, 16S rRNA, and gyrB genes sequencing, revealed the presence of eight strains of Pantoea ananatis bacteria. Four strains were derived from wheat leaves (Ta024, Ta027, Ta030, Ta046), and four from the CLB’s oral secretion (OUC1, OUD2, OUF2, and OUG1). They shared the nucleotide identity ranging from 99 to 100% to P. ananatis strains deposited in the GenBank database. Additionally, the multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of concatenated sequences of partial atpD, fusA, gyrB, rplB, and rpoB genes was performed. All P. ananatis strains isolated in Poland, grouped into one cluster supported with high bootstrap value. Pathogenicity tests performed on four varieties of wheat plants have identified P. ananatis strains as a causal agent of wheat disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. ananatis affecting wheat plants.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the oldest and most widespread crop species worldwide
We describe our finding that the P. ananatis is associated with wheat plants displaying simultaneously the symptoms resembling bacterial disease and CLB feeding
Leaves damaged by leaves showing only the dark brown symptoms were analyzed: 1) leaves damaged by CLB feeding, 2) leaves showing only the dark brown lesions with suggesting the possible bacterial disease development, and 3) leaves lesions withyellow yellowhalo halo suggesting the possible bacterial disease development, and 3)showing leaves simultaneously the symptoms of CLB feeding and lesions with yellow halo suggesting the possible bacterial disease development
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the oldest and most widespread crop species worldwide. In 2018, was 734 million tons (http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize), which constitutes more than 35% of the world’s food production. In Poland, its acreage is estimated at 2.4 million ha and the crop is estimated at 10.9 millions of tons, which makes Poland one of the European leaders of wheat production [2]. Wheat acreage and importance are continuously increasing worldwide Wheat fields are monitored for the presence of various pests, including cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanopus L., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This insect pest of cereal crops is harmful to wheat, oat and barley. The insect’s feeding causes the removal of chlorophyll; fields may appear as though they have been damaged by frost [4]
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