Abstract
The multifactorial nature of cardiology makes it challenging to separate noisy signals from confounders and real markers or drivers of disease. Panomics, the combination of various omic methods, provides the deepest insights into the underlying biological mechanisms to develop tools for personalized medicine under a systems biology approach. Questions remain about current findings and anticipated developments of omics. Here, we search for omic databases, investigate the types of data they provide, and give some examples of panomic applications in health care. We identified 104 omic databases, of which 72 met the inclusion criteria: genomic and clinical measurements on a subset of the database population plus one or more omic datasets. Of those, 65 were methylomic, 59 transcriptomic, 41 proteomic, 42 metabolomic, and 22 microbiomic databases. Larger database sample sizes and longer follow-up are often better suited for panomic analyses due to statistical power calculations. They are often more complete, which is important when dealing with large biological variability. Thus, the UK BioBank rises as the most comprehensive panomic resource, at present, but certain study designs may benefit from other databases.
Highlights
IntroductionPanomics is the cross integration of omic measurements taken systematically across samples and can be used for deeper systems biology analyses to determine the origins, relationships, and effects of biological processes [3]
Genetic studies focus on greatest diversity mediated by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which is a single base pair alteration resulting from mutative mechanisms
All databases include genomic and clinical data, as this is a quintessential reference for any health panomic analysis and most are a cohort or retrospective-cohort design
Summary
Panomics is the cross integration of omic measurements taken systematically across samples and can be used for deeper systems biology analyses to determine the origins, relationships, and effects of biological processes [3]. There is growing commercial interest in panomics as, for instance, adding detailed genomic data to an electronic health record increases its value from $130 up to $6,500, setting the value of current UK National Health Service data at $12.5 billion per year [5]. Most health data are generated by the academic and public sector, but the health analytics sector 2023 forecast of $22.7 billion [6] is incentivizing private companies. The Global Genomics Group (Table 1), a specialist omic health analytics company, raised millions in funding rounds to generate a commercial omic database
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