Panic disorder in emergency department chest pain patients: Prevalence, comorbidity, suicidal ideation, and physician recognition

Abstract

Purpose To establish the prevalence of panic disorder in emergency department (ED) chest pain patients; compare psychological distress and recent suicidal ideation in panic and non-panic disorder patients; assess psychiatric and cardiac comorbidity; and examine physician recognition of this disorder. Design Cross-sectional survey (for psychiatric data). Prospective evaluation of patient discharge diagnoses and physician recognition of panic disorder. Setting The ambulatory ED of a major teaching hospital specializing in cardiac care located in Montreal, Canada. Subjects Four hundred and forty-one consenting, consecutive patients consulting the ED with a chief complaint of chest pain. Primary Outcome Measure Psychiatric diagnoses (AXIS I). Psychological and pain test scores, discharge diagnoses, and cardiac history. Results Approximately 25% (108/441) of chest pain patients met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder. Panic disorder patients displayed significantly higher panic-agoraphobia, anxiety, depression, and pain scores than non-panic disorder patients ( P <0.01). Twenty-five percent of panic disorder patients had thoughts of killing themselves in the week preceding their ED visit compared with 5% of the patients without this disorder ( P = 0.0001) even when controlling for co-existing major depression. Fifty-seven percent (62/108) panic disorder patients also met criteria for one or more current AXIS I disorder. Although 44% (47/108) of the panic disorder patients had a prior documented history of coronary artery disease (CAD), 80% had atypical or nonanginal chest pain and 75% were discharged with a “noncardiac pain” diagnosis. Ninety-eight percent of the panic patients were not recognized by attending ED cardiologists. Conclusions Panic disorder is a significantly distressful condition highly prevalent in ED chest pain patients that is rarely recognized by physicians. Nonrecognition may lead to mismanagement of a significant group of distressed patients with or without coronary artery disease.