Abstract
The present work discusses and compares the toluene sensing behavior of polyaniline (PANI) and graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite (C-PANI) films. The graphene–PANI ratio in the nanocomposite polymer film is optimized at 1:2. For this, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent is used to prepare PANI-NMP solution as well as graphene-PANI-NMP solution. The films are later annealed at 230 °C, characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tested for their sensing behavior towards toluene. The sensing behaviors of the films are analyzed at different temperatures (30, 50 and 100 °C) for 100 ppm toluene in air. The nanocomposite C-PANI films have exhibited better overall toluene sensing behavior in terms of sensor response, response and recovery time as well as repeatability. Although the sensor response of PANI (12.6 at 30 °C, 38.4 at 100 °C) is comparatively higher than that of C-PANI (8.4 at 30 °C, 35.5 at 100 °C), response and recovery time of PANI and C-PANI varies with operating temperature. C-PANI at 50 °C seems to have better toluene sensing behavior in terms of response time and recovery time.
Highlights
One of the main reasons for the vast advancement in the field of sensing technology is to provide safety and security to mankind
Two types of sensing films are under consideration—PANI (ICP) and C-PANI
In case of intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs), the sensor output will be based on the variation in conductivities due to a change in work functions [8]
Summary
One of the main reasons for the vast advancement in the field of sensing technology is to provide safety and security to mankind. The limit of detection (LOD) for metal oxide (MOX)-based sensors is generally better (up to parts per billion i.e., ppb); their operating temperature is comparatively much higher than that of ICPs. For MOXs, toluene dehydrogenates at the sensing surface and this alters the work function of the sensing film by donating electrons and changing the. In the case of ICPs, the sensor output is based on the variation in conductivities due to the change in work functions [8] These ICPs generally respond in similar way towards different analytes. The recent studies discuss the numerous applications along with structural, optical, thermal and electrical properties of Gr-PnC [27,34,35,36] These composites contain GR with different polymer matrix.
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