Abstract
The motive behind this article is investigating alternative indicator measures for the effectiveness of public health expenditure on pandemic preparedness, to explain the reasons behind country variations in containing crises such as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose is to analyse the shortcomings in the relationship between global public health expenditure and pandemic preparedness. The research methodology includes a macro-analysis of global health spending patterns, empirical and theoretical literature on global health expenditure, global health security indexes, and country case studies pre- and post-crisis. The results show that gaps in pandemic preparedness were already existent pre-COVID-19, calling for a new mind-set in the way public health expenditure is structured. Healthcare sustainability indicators should transition from traditional measures such as economic growth rates, public health expenditure rates, revenue coming from the healthcare sector, and rankings in the global health security index, to new awareness indicators. Public health expenditure, a facilitator of pandemic preparedness, coupled with the resilience of healthcare systems, could be used in conjunction with the traditional factors, along with the time element of a quick response to pandemic through preparedness schemes, the progress towards achieving sustainable health through the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and investment in national healthcare capital to ensure efficient resource allocation. The policy recommendations are the restructuring of public expenditure to expand the absorptive capacities of healthcare institutes, eventually leading to sustainability and universal health insurance.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a type of coronavirus that arose in early January 2020 inWuhan, China, caused a global pandemic, and uncovered the global unpreparedness of healthcare systems
Being unprepared to absorb the overload of COVID-19 patients in emergency rooms and intensive care units, owing to safety regulations required for social distancing, hospitals and clinics were forced to reduce in-person clinic visits and surgeries by 50% worldwide, which led to a reduction in revenue from surgeries higher than the revenue coming from emergency rooms and intensive care units (Grays 2020)
The results show that the gaps in purpose of this articleexisted is to investigate the reasons behind variations in in the containing pandemicThe preparedness already pre-COVID-19, calling forcountry a new mind-set way public crises such as the by analysing the shortcomings in the relationshippreparedness, between health expenditure is COVID-19 structured.outbreak
Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a type of coronavirus that arose in early January 2020 inWuhan, China, caused a global pandemic, and uncovered the global unpreparedness of healthcare systems. The results show that the gaps in purpose of this articleexisted is to investigate the reasons behind variations in in the containing pandemicThe preparedness already pre-COVID-19, calling forcountry a new mind-set way public crises such as the by analysing the shortcomings in the relationshippreparedness, between health expenditure is COVID-19 structured.outbreak. The results show that theasgaps coupled with resilience, should be and evaluated using both traditional measures such realingross pandemic preparedness already existed pre-COVID-19, calling for a new mind-set in the way public domestic product (GDP) growth rates, healthcare expenditure, and healthcare revenue, along with health expenditure is structured. A facilitator of pandemic preparedness, new awareness indicators such as the time-responsive element of pandemic preparedness schemes, coupled with resilience, should be evaluated using both traditional measures such as real gross efficient resource allocation capital investment healthcare equipment, and the integration domestic product (GDP) of growth rates, healthcareinexpenditure, and healthcare revenue, along withof the Sustainable
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