Abstract
Influenza A virus (FLUAV), the causative agent of influenza infection, has received extensive attention due to the recent swine-origin H1N1 pandemic. FLUAV has long been the cause of annual epidemics as well as less frequent but more severe global pandemics. Here, we describe a biosensor utilizing electrically active magnetic (EAM) polyaniline-coated nanoparticles as the transducer in an electrochemical biosensor for rapidly identifying FLUAV strains based on receptor specificity, which will be useful to monitor animal influenza infections and to characterize pandemic potential of strains that have transmitted from animals to humans. Pandemic potential requires human-to-human transmissibility, which is dependent upon FLUAV hemagglutinin (HA) specificity for host glycan receptors. Avian FLUAV preferentially bind to α2,3-linked receptors, while human FLUAV bind to α2,6-linked receptors. EAM nanoparticles were prepared by synthesizing aniline monomer around gamma iron (III) oxide (γ-Fe2O3) cores, yielding 25–100-nm diameter nanoparticles that were structurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The EAM nanoparticles were coated with monoclonal antibodies specific to H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/04). Specificity of binding between glycans and H5 was demonstrated. The biosensor results were correlative to supporting data from a surface plasmon resonance assay that characterized HA/glycan binding and α-H5 antibody activity. This novel study applies EAM nanoparticles as the transducer in a specific, portable, easy-to-use biosensor with great potential for disease monitoring and biosecurity applications.
Highlights
I NFLUENZA A virus (FLUAV) is an acute viral disease agent of the respiratory tract, which is classified as a genus of Manuscript received December 16, 2009; revised September 9, 2010 and December 15, 2010; accepted April 25, 2011
We investigate the novel application of electrically active magnetic (EAM) polyaniline nanostructures as the transducer in a biosensor for the rapid detection of emerging pandemic FLUAV strains
The binding response of H5 at 140 nM was significantly decreased by α-H5 monoclonal antibody IgG2 at 1:2000 dilution. α-H5 monoclonal 1:500 neutralized the H5/glycan binding at this H5 concentration, indicating that the HA binding inhibition displays a reproducible dose response
Summary
I NFLUENZA A virus (FLUAV) is an acute viral disease agent of the respiratory tract, which is classified as a genus of Manuscript received December 16, 2009; revised September 9, 2010 and December 15, 2010; accepted April 25, 2011. Date of publication May 27, 2011; date of current version January 11, 2012. “The findings and conclusions in this publication have not been formally disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy.”. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor J.
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