Abstract
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is released from the pancreas in response to a meal. In humans, low-circulating PP levels have been observed in obesity, and administration of pharmacological doses of PP has been shown to decrease food intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether low circulating PP is associated with weight gain in Pima Indians. Plasma PP concentrations were measured after an overnight fast and 30 min after a standardized mixed meal in 33 nondiabetic male subjects who had a follow-up visit 4.9 +/- 2.5 years later. Cross-sectionally, fasting and postprandial PP levels were negatively associated with body size and adiposity. Prospectively, the change in PP response to the meal was negatively associated with the change in body weight (r = -0.53, P = 0.002). In contrast, a high fasting PP level was positively associated with change in body weight (r = 0.45, P = 0.009). In conclusion, our results provide evidence that, even within the physiological range, PP contributes to the regulation of energy balance in humans. However this contribution appears to be more complex than anticipated because of the opposite effect of fasting and postprandial PP on the risk of future weight gain.
Highlights
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is released from the pancreas in response to a meal
Fasting and postprandial PP concentrations were negatively associated with BMI, body weight, percent body fat, and waist circumference, not all of the relationships reached a level of statistical significance (Fig. 1)
After adjustment for baseline weight, age, and time of follow-up using multiple regression analysis, fasting concentrations of PP were a significant determinant of body weight at follow-up; in contrast, only a trend was observed for the effect of postprandial PP concentrations (Fig. 2)
Summary
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is released from the pancreas in response to a meal. In humans, low-circulating PP levels have been observed in obesity, and administration of pharmacological doses of PP has been shown to decrease food intake. Our results provide evidence that, even within the physiological range, PP contributes to the regulation of energy balance in humans This contribution appears to be more complex than anticipated because of the opposite effect of fasting and postprandial PP on the risk of future weight gain. The Pima Indians of Arizona, a population with excessive weight gain beginning at a very early age [13,14], are characterized by elevated circulating PP This is true for children, who have higher fasting plasma PP concentrations than their age- and sex-matched Caucasian counterparts [15], and in adults, who have elevated fasting concentrations and enhanced postprandial secretion of PP [15,16,17]. A total of 33 Pima Indian male subjects from the original cohort had a follow-up visit for the measurement of body weight and glucose tolerance and were included in this analysis
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