Abstract
A series of diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives (DPPs) and indigo derivatives (IDGs) are synthesized and applied as photoinitiators (PIs) for the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides, the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates or the thiol-ene polymerization under different lights (purple, blue, green, yellow, red LEDs and green laser diode). The photochemical mechanisms involved in the presence of these PIs and additives (iodonium salt (Iod), N-vinylcarbazole (NVK), amine (MDEA) or 2,4,6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine (R-Cl)) are investigated by steady state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques. Real-time infrared spectroscopy studies reveal that DPP4/Iod/NVK is very efficient for both CP and FRP and, compared to two references (Eosin-Y and camphorquinone), displays noticeably higher polymerization efficiencies. Panchromatic curable formulations exhibiting an almost constant photosensitivity from the blue to the red are proposed.
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