Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein interacting mitotic regulator (PIMREG) localizes to the nucleus and can significantly elevate the nuclear localization of clathrin assembly lymphomedullary leukocythemia gene. Although there is some evidence to support an important action for PIMREG in the occurrence and development of certain cancers, currently no pan-cancer analysis of PIMREG is available. Therefore, we intended to estimate the prognostic predictive value of PIMREG and to explore its potential immune function in 33 cancer types. By using a series of bioinformatics approaches, we extracted and analyzed datasets from Oncomine, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Lineage Encyclopedia (CCLE) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), to explore the underlying carcinogenesis of PIMREG, including relevance of PIMREG to prognosis, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME) and infiltration of immune cells in various types of cancer. Our findings indicate that PIMREG is highly expressed in at least 24 types of cancer, and is negatively correlated with prognosis in major cancer types. In addition, PIMREG expression was correlated with TMB in 24 cancers and with MSI in 10 cancers. We revealed that PIMREG is co-expressed with genes encoding major histocompatibility complex, immune activation, immune suppression, chemokine and chemokine receptors. We also found that the different roles of PIMREG in the infiltration of different immune cell types in different tumors. PIMREG can potentially influence the etiology or pathogenesis of cancer by acting on immune-related pathways, chemokine signaling pathway, regulation of autophagy, RIG-I like receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, FC epsilon RI pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, T cell receptor pathway, NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and other immune-related pathways. Our study suggests that PIMREG can be applied as a prognostic marker in a variety of malignancies because of its role in tumorigenesis and immune infiltration.
Highlights
Malignant cancer is a major cause of death and a leading stumbling block to patients’ living quality in most countries worldwide, but to date, there is no absolute cure for malignant tumor (Bray et al, 2018)
We speculate that protein interacting mitotic regulator (PIMREG) may play a role in cancer development by regulating immune system-related functions
We studied the associations between PIMREG expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), both of which are critically linked to the sensitive nature of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)
Summary
Malignant cancer is a major cause of death and a leading stumbling block to patients’ living quality in most countries worldwide, but to date, there is no absolute cure for malignant tumor (Bray et al, 2018). PIMREG has been shown to control the transition from the metaphase to anaphase in the cell division and can be regarded as a marker for multiplication (Archangelo et al, 2008; Zhao et al, 2008; Barbutti et al, 2016), showing a role in the development of cancer cell (Jiang Z.M. et al, 2020). A previous study claimed that PIMREG expressed highly protein levels in cancer cells such as lymphoma and leukemia, but hardly expressed in lymphocytes from peripheral blood or nonproliferative T cells (Archangelo et al, 2008). A previous study identified PIMREG as a biomarker of proliferation that facilitated aggressive development of bile duct cancer (CHOL) in part by regulation of cell cycle-related biomarkers (Jiang Z.M. et al, 2020). More works are urgently required to explore the role of PIMREG in various cancers
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