Abstract
This article examinesthe situation in the Muslim school (madrasah) in the Middle Volga region after 1905 and changing aspirations of Russians towards the acculturation of Muslims connected with it. The fears and suspicions of the Russian authorities concerned the development of cultural ties between Russian and Turkish Muslims, which legitimized the idea that these ethnic groups could unite in a new political entity on the basis of common religion or on a common ethno-linguistic basis (Turkish). Much of the blame for the spread of Pan-Turkic and Pan-Islamic ideas was placed upon the new method schools of the region. Muslim traditional educational system also underwent changes which particularly involved teaching of the Russian language and other secular subjects.While Muslim community continued to reform their educational system, the local authorities continued to question the idea of the Muslim “national”school.
Highlights
The politicization of Muslim consciousness in the 1905 period alerted the authorities’ attention to the existence of global movements such as Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism
The fears and suspicions of the Russian authorities concerned the development of cultural ties between Russian and Turkish Muslims, which legitimized the idea that these ethnic groups could unite in a new political entity on the basis of common religion or on a common ethno-linguistic basis (Turkish)
Muslim traditional educational system underwent changes which involved teaching of the Russian language and other secular subjects.While Muslim community continued to reform their educational system, the local authorities continued to question the idea of the Muslim “national”school
Summary
The politicization of Muslim consciousness in the 1905 period alerted the authorities’ attention to the existence of global movements such as Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism. Warning voices of the existence of such phenomena in Russia had been heard since the late nineteenth century, neither of them had really developed into a coordinated movement. The authorities would often exaggerate the actual threat that Pan-Islamic or Pan-Turkic ideas posed. It is clearthat the overall attitude to Muslims deteriorated rapidly after the Young Turks revolution of 1908. In the majority of cases the authorities acknowledged the loyalty of Muslim clergy, they found the appearance of Muslim political and nationalist activists quite disturbing. The Ministry of the Interior checked each candidate for the position of mullah for political reliability
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