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Abstract
B. subtilis adapts to changing environments by reprogramming its genetic expression through a variety of transcriptional regulators from the global transition state regulators that allow a complete resetting of the cell genetic expression, to stress specific regulators controlling only a limited number of key genes required for optimal adaptation. Among them, MarR-type transcriptional regulators are known to respond to a variety of stresses including antibiotics or oxidative stress, and to control catabolic or virulence gene expression. Here we report the characterization of the ydcFGH operon of B. subtilis, containing a putative MarR-type transcriptional regulator. Using a combination of molecular genetics and high-throughput approaches, we show that this regulator, renamed PamR, controls directly its own expression and influence the expression of large sets of prophage-related and metabolic genes. The extent of the regulon impacted by PamR suggests that this regulator reprograms the metabolic landscape of B. subtilis in response to a yet unknown signal.
Highlights
B. subtilis, the model for gram-positive bacteria, has been studied for decades for its fundamental cellular processes and regulatory pathways such as transcription, chromosome segregation, metabolism, cell growth and division, and for its distinctive cellular differentiation programs: competence for DNA uptake (K-state), sporulation and biofilm formation
Our results suggest that YdcH, which we propose to rename PamR, is a transcriptional regulator in B. subtilis that may be required for adaptation to a yet to be discovered condition
In the course of a whole genome transcriptional analysis, we noticed the high induction of three transcripts, ydcF, ydcG and ydcH, in a published strain of B. subtilis deleted for mreB (3725) [37] but, intriguingly, not in a mutant inactivated for its paralog mbl
Summary
B. subtilis, the model for gram-positive bacteria, has been studied for decades for its fundamental cellular processes and regulatory pathways such as transcription, chromosome segregation, metabolism, cell growth and division, and for its distinctive cellular differentiation (or developmental) programs: competence for DNA uptake (K-state), sporulation and biofilm formation. While the fundamental processes were studied during steady state, i.e. in an expected unchanging environment and unvarying physiological state, the differentiation programs take place during the stationary phase of growth. These “late” programs, especially competence and sporulation, are induced by the transition from abundance to exhaustion of nutriments and reveal how bacteria adapt to changing environments by completely reprogramming their gene expression (for review on these programs see [1,2,3,4,5]). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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