Abstract
Following the secularization of the bishopric of Cracow, polemics about the Catholic Church focused more on the social and educational functions of the clergy than on raising revenue. The sejm's ‘clerical deputation’, the episcopate, and the nuncio negotiated against this background. The chapter begins with an discussion of treatises by Józef Pawlikowski, Hugo Kołłątaj, and Stanisław Staszic, before analysing the discourse of scandal that characterized several pamphlets written at this time. The regular clergy of both sexes were the object of particular scorn. Counter‐attacks on the ‘enlightened age’, notably by Canon Franciszek Salezy Jezierski, are then examined. The next section concerns the polarized Polish press coverage of events in France and the Habsburg Monarchy with regard to the Church, and the final part explores Providential and covenantal themes in pastoral letters and sermons published in the middle phase of the Polish Revolution.
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