PAMP Activity of Cerato-Platanin during Plant Interaction: An -Omic Approach.

Simone Luti,Cosimo Taiti,Cristina Gonnelli,Anna Caselli,Stefano Mancuso,Luigia Pazzagli,Nadia Bazihizina

doi:10.3390/ijms17060866

Simone Luti, Cosimo Taiti + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060866

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Abstract

Cerato-platanin (CP) is the founder of a fungal protein family consisting in non-catalytic secreted proteins, which work as virulence factors and/or as elicitors of defense responses and systemic resistance, thus acting as PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns). Moreover, CP has been defined an expansin-like protein showing the ability to weaken cellulose aggregates, like the canonical plant expansins do. Here, we deepen the knowledge on CP PAMP activity by the use of a multi-disciplinary approach: proteomic analysis, VOC (volatile organic compound) measurements, and gas exchange determination. The treatment of Arabidopsis with CP induces a differential profile either in protein expression or in VOC emission, as well changes in photosynthetic activity. In agreement with its role of defense activator, CP treatment induces down-expression of enzymes related to primary metabolism, such as RuBisCO, triosephosphate isomerase, and ATP-synthase, and reduces the photosynthesis rate. Conversely, CP increases expression of defense-related proteins and emission of some VOCs. Interestingly, CP exposure triggered the increase in enzymes involved in GSH metabolism and redox homeostasis (glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin, Cys-peroxiredoxin, catalase) and in enzymes related to the “glucosinolate-myrosinase” system, which are the premise for synthesis of defence compounds, such as camalexin and some VOCs, respectively. The presented results are in agreement with the accepted role of CP as a PAMP and greatly increase the knowledge of plant primary defences induced by a purified fungal elicitor.

Highlights

Plants have the ability to detect the presence of pathogenic microorganisms coming in contact with them by means of substances produced by microbes themselves, including several proteins [1]
Results obtained from different experiments are in agreement with each other and enabled a high throughput analysis of the CP/plant interaction: data obtained from proteomic, volatilomic, and gas-exchange determination largely increase the knowledge about the primary defenses induced by a purified protein elicitor
This is argued either by the downregulation of proteins of the primary metabolism and inhibition of CO2 assimilation, on one hand, and by the over-expression of enzymes involved in ROS scavenging and GSH metabolism, on the other

Summary

Introduction

Plants have the ability to detect the presence of pathogenic microorganisms coming in contact with them by means of substances produced by microbes themselves, including several proteins [1]. Plants recognize these microbe-/pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs), activating a defense system that is extremely effective against the potential pathogens. CP is produced by the ascomicete Ceratocystis platani, the causative agent of the canker stain of plane trees in Europe and North America. The protein is both abundantly secreted in the medium and present in the cell wall. The first reports on the role of CPF proteins, either in physiology of the fungus life style or in interaction with plants, have been performed on CP as representative of the family

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