Abstract
This research was aimed to study the pollen morphology for the genus Pterocephalus(Vaill) from Dipsacaceae family in Iraq, and to utilize these feathers in isolating the species as valuable taxonomic traits for enriching Iraqi flora. The study included characteristics of the type, shape, size, sculpturing and apertures, as well as determining the full dimensions using light microscopy as well as numerical analysis of this species and draw polygonal shapes and denderogram convergence between species. The results of the study of pollen and polygonal forms showed significant differences in the characteristics at the level of each species, which helps to identification the genus species, as it was found that the pollen was a tricolpate, and shape was specified to be sub spheroidal, sub prolate, oblate spheroidal. and prolate spheroidal, The pollen grains varied in size between large, and very large size. However the most significant feature is that included four types of sculpture using to isolate the species to : Reticulate and spinate in P. laxus ,P. strictus, and P. nestorianu, reticulate and spinulate in P. brevis, P. plumosus, Reticulate to striate and spinulate in P. canus, and Spinate in P. kurdicus, and P. pyrethrifolius. The dendritic scheme showed the convergence of some species among them and in varying convergence ratios.
Highlights
Dipsacaceae is one of the Iraqi flora families, represented by 280 species have been distributed all over the world; these are divided into 10 genera (14)
The pollen morphology of the Dipsacaceae family was previously mentioned in some references
The study of pollen grains for the species revealed several differences, whole pollen features and dimensions of each pollen type, shows in Table. 3, and represents in polygonal shapes Fig.1. which reveals the differences among all the species
Summary
Dipsacaceae is one of the Iraqi flora families, represented by 280 species have been distributed all over the world; these are divided into 10 genera (14). In Iraq, the family includes 24 species divided into 4 genera (7). The pollen morphology of the Dipsacaceae family was previously mentioned in some references (11,18,21) .Morphological features of pollen have the ability to aggregate several distributed genera and resolved problems concerning to the ancestry and development of numerous taxa (17), and to derive classification of angiosperm (10). Jones (9) examined morphological features of pollen of the family Dipsacaceae of northwest. Mayer and Ehrendorfer (15) published palynological studies in relevance to the classification of the genus Pterocephalus and founded a new genus Pterocephalodes on the basis of pollen morphology and fruit features
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